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Choose an appropriate word from the list to fill in each of the blanks. Change the form where necessary. Use each word only once. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. warrant hamper impair predominantly rigorous acquaint threshold ornament blunder presumably He proposed at the meeting that _______ restrictions should be imposed on the construction of more expensive housing projects. Small farms and the lack of modern technology have ______ agricultural production. Hard work and malnutrition _______ his health and he looked thin and pale. II. Identification of Rhetorical Devices (1x10) Directions: In this section, there are 10 sentences with underlined parts for identification of rhetorical devices. Write down the name of the device in English. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. There were affirmations and protests and denials, and of course the promise. III. Reading Comprehension (3x10) Directions: In this section, there are two passages. Read the passages and answer the questions below each briefly. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1 At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the world is confronted with a kind of a cooperation paradox. It is popularly believed that cooperation is something in which individual and collective actors pursuing common goals engage, while actors who have differing world views and pursue conflicting objectives are disinclined to cooperate. Until 1990, during the East-West conflict, however, two opposing blocs faced each other, although there was cooperation between them. Militarily, they were armed to the teeth; ideologically, they were worlds apart; and socio-economically, the development of society under capitalism was incompatible with that under communism. But the two power blocs were united by the goal of preventing the Cold War from escalating into a nuclear conflict, causing collective self-destruction. The intensity of the antagonism did not, then, exclude peaceful co-existence under the banner of mutual deterrence. In this game it was clear that the two sides were in the same boat. And that neither could eliminate the other without running the risk of going under itself. The 1962 Cuban missile crisis showed how close the world had come to the abyss, and in Southeast Asia, Central America and the Middle East the tension was eased in proxy wars, again without it coming to a global conflagration. Today the reverse paradox prevails. The world, having meanwhile become multipolar and new powers having emerged, is if the proclamations of the G8 and G20 summits or the UN negotiations are to be believed essentially in agreement on such general objectives as green growth and fair trade, limiting climate change and the extinction of species, reform of the financial markets and the eradication of poverty and hunger. Despite all the normative and ideological convergence, the instruments, institutions and actors needed to turn the consensus into reality are lacking. An example of this is the two-degree guard rail, the international communitys intention, endorsed by almost every country in the world, to limit man-made global warming to two degrees (compared to the pre-industrial level). However, in the absence of globally binding agreements the world is, in fact, heading for far more than two degrees of warming and so for dangerous tipping points that threaten the existence of humankind in much the same way as a confrontation with nuclear weapons (which is, moreover, still within the bounds of possibility). Why is this? Are there insurmountable differences of interests, do people see and judge the situation in the world differently, are they pursuing different values? The prisoners dilemma commonly encountered in game theory tells us that even players with the opportunity to cooperate and so win together will betray each other if each is unaware of the others choice and therefore distrusts him. Rather than short-sighted benefit maximisation, other commentaries on our times see cultural differences as causes of cooperation refused. Whether culture is an obstacle to or accelerator of cooperation depends not least on precisely what this term is taken to mean. Those who consider it to be a substance that is indissoluble and transplanted only with difficulty will tend like the eminently political scientist, Samuel P. Huntington to assume there to be a clash of cultures; if, on the other hand, cultural difference not only between ethnic and religious groups, but also between genders and generations, between top and bottom, the rich and the poor, mentalities and environments is regarded as the norm for relations in modern society, efforts will be made to create conditions under which these different worlds can best achieve shared objectives. It is surprising how little we yet know about culture as a factor in world society. Research focuses predominantly on cooperation in small groups wanting to achieve shared objectives, a common utility and a common cultural background being the main assumptions. Where, unexpectedly, cooperation does not come about, what remains culture is taken into account, initially to explain the failure and then, possibly, to overcome or avert it. How cooperation works in larger groups, in large international organisations or even between societies that differ culturally in some way or other remains a mystery. 1. What does the author mean by saying that the world is faced with a cooperation paradox? 2. What does the author want to prove with the examples of Cuban missile crisis and the tension in Southeast Asia, Central America and the Middle East the tension? 3. What is the two-degree guard rail according to the passage? 4. 5. Passage 2 IV. Translation (10x2) Directions: There are two parts in this section. Translate the English text in the first part into Chinese, and the Chinese text in the second part into English. Write your answer on the Answer Sheet. 1. After the agricultural revolution, human societies grew ever larger and more complex, while the imagined constructs sustaining the social order also became more elaborate. 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