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作者简介:

王倩(1983-),女,教授级高工,博士,研究方向为超声油气井稳定性评估。E-mail: wangqiandri@cnpc.com.cn

通信作者:

杨福见(1995-),男,副教授,博士,研究方向为深部岩石力学。E-mail: yangfj@cug.edu.cn。

中图分类号:TU45

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1673-5005(2026)02-0001-12

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2026.02.001

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目录contents

    摘要

    针对深地工程中普遍存在的取芯成功率低、岩心易破裂及成本高昂等技术难题,提出一种考虑温度与围压效应的升尺度岩石力学特性预测模型。该方法通过建立岩石矿物组成、矿物力学参数、孔隙度及裂缝发育情况与宏观力学行为之间的关联机制,利用钻井碎屑和井壁掉块等易获取样本的微观测试数据,实现对深部地层宏观力学性能的快速准确预测。以白云岩和灰岩两类典型超深层岩石为研究对象,通过与岩心三轴试验数据对比验证模型的有效性。结果表明:灰岩弹性模量预测平均误差为3.35%,白云岩为9.30%;灰岩强度预测平均误差为7.57%,白云岩为6.63%,证实了模型的有效性。与传统力学模型相比,所提出的模型一方面考虑了温度与围压对岩石孔隙度的影响,显著提升了模型在深部高温高压环境下的预测精度;另一方面通过整合随钻岩屑/井壁掉块的矿物学分析(矿物组成及矿物力学参数)与测井获得的裂缝信息,实现了对深部地层力学特性的高效评估。该研究为超深层岩石力学参数获取提供了新方法,并为井壁稳定性评价与储层改造方案设计奠定了力学基础。

    Abstract

    To address key industry challenges in deep-earth engineering such as low core recovery rates, core damage during extraction, and high operational costs, this study proposes a novel upscaling theoretical framework for predicting rock mechanical properties, incorporating the effects of temperature and confining pressure. The proposed method establishes quantitative relationships among mineral composition, mineral-scale mechanical properties, porosity, fracture characteristics, and macroscopic mechanical behavior. By utilizing microscale test data from readily available materials, such as drilling cuttings and borehole wall fragments, the framework enables rapid and reliable prediction of macroscopic mechanical properties in deep formations. The model is applied to two representative ultra-deep lithologies, dolomite and limestone, and its performance is validated through comparison with results from core-based triaxial compression tests. The average prediction errors for elastic modulus are 3.35% for limestone and 9.30% for dolomite, while those for strength are 7.57% for limestone and 6.63% for dolomite. Compared with conventional mechanical models, the proposed approach offers two main advantages. First, it incorporates the effects of temperature and confining pressure on rock porosity, improving its applicability and predictive accuracy under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions typical of deep-earth environments. Second, it integrates mineralogical and mechanical information derived from drilling cuttings and borehole fragments with fracture characterization from well logging data, enabling efficient and high-precision prediction of macroscopic mechanical properties of deep formations. This study provides a new framework and methodology for estimating the mechanical properties of ultra-deep formations, offering essential support for wellbore stability analysis and reservoir stimulation design.

  • 岩石作为一种多相复合地质材料,其力学行为受矿物组分、孔隙-裂隙网络及胶结结构的复杂相互作用控制[1]。在深部高温高压、多场耦合的极端地质环境下,岩石内部细观结构的动态演化与宏观力学响应具有显著的非线性特征和相关性[2-3]。当前,中国“向地球深部进军”战略对快速精准获取深部岩石力学性质提出了前所未有的需求。深部钻井工程中,岩心采取率普遍较低,取芯成本高昂,而力学参数预测偏差已成为诱发井壁失稳事故的关键因素[4-5]。相较于通过高质量岩心获取深部地层物理力学参数的传统方法[6],利用深部钻井过程中的岩屑或井壁掉块来反馈地层特征并获取宏观物理力学行为[7],已成为保障深部钻井工程安全稳定的一种有效方法。近年来,岩石多尺度研究取得了显著进展[8-9]。孙长伦等[10]运用X衍射、扫描电镜及能谱分析技术,揭示了砂岩的矿物组成,并通过纳米压痕技术量化了不同矿物组分的力学属性,揭示了砂岩的非均质性特征。张帆等[11]结合纳米压痕数据和均质化技术,预测了花岗岩的宏观弹性模量,为宏观性质预测提供了新思路。王瑜等[12]通过对塔木素黏土岩的矿物鉴定和空间平均模型,成功预测了黏土岩的宏观弹性模量,并验证了其预测精度。在理论探索方面,Gurson [13]提出了基于微观尺度的多孔介质运动学模型,直接关联了孔隙率与宏观强度。朱其志等[14]基于Mori-Tanaka方法,构建了考虑矿物颗粒间相互作用的岩石材料宏观弹性特性均质化模型;同样地,陈显辉等[15]也基于Mori-Tananka方法,构建了纳米级微观力学参数与宏观等效弹性模量和泊松比的关系。Qi等[16]对基于Mori-Tanaka方法的岩石材料弹性均质化模型进行了拓展,在模型优化过程中,实现了利用 Hill 张量对夹杂物复杂形状以及基体弹性性质影响下的等效应变进行量化表征。Cao等[17]指出,岩石内部刚性夹杂物的特定属性对宏观屈服强度的影响有限。Shen等[18-19]运用有限元分析与变分原理,构建了包含刚性夹杂物和孔隙影响的细观力学模型,为岩石力学分析提供了新的理论工具。尽管如此,当前研究在深部地层岩石复杂物质构成及多物理场耦合条件下的力学响应方面仍存不足,尤其是细微观尺度上的试验与理论研究尚显薄弱[20-22],且缺乏对超深层高温、高应力地层环境的考量。传统手段难以实现快速、大范围深部工程的岩石物理力学特征预测,且数据准确性和可靠性受限[23-26]。因此,笔者引入升尺度理论,考虑温度和围压对岩石力学特性的影响,构建基于岩石微观测试的升尺度模型,旨在通过钻井过程中的岩屑或井壁掉块样本,快速准确表征深部储层大范围区域的力学参数。

  • 1 升尺度理论

  • 岩石在宏观尺度(毫米级)上通常被视为由固体、液体和气体组成的三相复合材料。在细观尺度(微米级)上,它由裂缝、各种矿物夹杂以及包裹这些夹杂物的胶结基质构成。在更微小的尺度(甚至达到纳米级)上,岩石的胶结基质内部存在着封闭的微小孔隙,这些孔隙对岩石在宏观尺度上的物理力学特性产生着重要影响。相较于矿物夹杂本身,矿物夹杂间的胶结部位相对脆弱,容易在外部荷载作用下发生形变。同时,分布在胶结基质内部的裂缝会随着岩石整体宏观力学行为的变化而不断激活和发育。本文中以岩石的复杂物质构成为理论基础,构建如图1所示的特征单元体(其中,n为矿物夹杂的总类型数)。

  • 图1 岩石代表性单元简图

  • Fig.1 Simplified diagram of representative unit of rock

  • 升尺度理论,其核心思想是基于图1所示的岩石代表性单元体的复杂结构,通过“微观→细观→宏观”的两步升尺度方法,实现岩石物理力学性质从微观到宏观的尺度转换。该理论旨在通过有限的微观实验数据,精确预测岩石在宏观尺度上的物理力学性质。对于深部工程中难以获取合格岩心的情况,本理论提供了一种通过计算来获取岩石宏观物理力学特征的有效途径。具体而言,该升尺度理论主要涵盖了线性变形部分和非线性变形部分的升尺度方法,为理解和预测岩石的变形特性提供了理论基础。

  • 需要指出的是,本文中所采用的升尺度理论是在前期研究成果[27-28]的基础上进行的创新性扩展。在构建该升尺度理论体系的过程中,充分考量了温度和围压效应对岩石等研究对象力学特性、物理性质等所产生的显著影响,旨在更精准地模拟和预测实际工程场景下材料的宏观力学行为及响应规律,为相关领域的研究与实践提供更具可靠性和适用性的理论支撑。

  • 1.1 线性变形部分升尺度理论

  • 对于岩石线性变形部分的两步升尺度过程,具体包括以下内容:第一步升尺度,借助基于Eshelby问题解的平均场理论,充分考虑微观尺度下胶结基质内部封闭孔隙的形状和含量,求解出多孔基质的等效弹性参数Cpm。在此基础上,第二步升尺度继续借助Eshelby张量考虑矿物夹杂和裂缝的形状、分布规律和含量,进而求解出宏观尺度的等效弹性刚度Cf,hom。基于前期研究基础[27-28],宏观尺度的等效弹性刚度 Cf,hom表达式如下:

  • Cf,hom=C:A=Cpm+i=1nρi(Ci-Cpm):Ai+j=1mφf,j(Cf,j-Cpm+i=1nρi(Ci-Cpm):Ai):Af,j.
    (1)
  • 其中

  • φf=4/3πεd, ε=c/a, d=Na3.

  • 式中,ρ为矿物夹杂的体积分数;m为裂缝总条数;C为矿物夹杂的弹性模量,其值可通过压痕试验测试等方法获取;Cpm为多孔基质的等效弹性模量,是孔隙度f和固相骨架弹性模量Cs的函数,表达式为Cpm=Cs∶(I-fAp),Cs为固相骨架的有效弹性模量,I为单位张量,Ap为多孔基质空隙近场局部的应变张量;φf为岩石内部裂缝的体积;εd分别为裂缝的扁率和密度;abc分别为裂缝的长度、宽度和开度;A为局部化应变张量,用于建立不同尺度下局部变形与整体变形之间的联系,此处A表示考虑矿物颗粒间相互影响的矿物近场应变局部化张量,其表达式是Mori-Tanaka模型的数值积分解[29]Af为裂缝近场局部化应变张量;Cf,hom为岩石的宏观弹性模量。模型中岩石代表性单元中裂缝分布数学表述如图2所示。

  • 图2 本模型中岩石代表性单元中裂缝分布数学表述

  • Fig.2 Mathematical representation of the crack distribution in the representative unit of rock in this model

  • AAf的计算公式为

  • A=I+Pi:C-Cpm-1:(1-ρ)I+ρI+Pi:C-Cpm-1-1
    (2)
  • Af=I+Pf:Cf-Chom-1:I(1-ρ)+i=1n φf,iI+Pf,i:Cf,i-Chom-1-1.
    (3)
  • 其中

  • (P) ijkl=Ωf plgkij+plgkji+pkglij+pkgljidω

  • 式中,P为考虑岩石矿物/裂隙形状、方位、密度的Hill张量,表达式是格林函数的数值积分解[30],下标i表示矿物夹杂,f表示裂缝;paibici)为裂缝形状参数,是裂缝长度ai、宽度bi和开度ci的函数;gn)为裂缝的方位参数,是裂缝表面法向向量n的函数;Chom为不考虑裂隙部分的岩石宏观等效弹性模量; dω为单位球面上的微元面积;Ωf为其总面积。

  • 1.2 非线性变形部分升尺度理论

  • 本文中研究岩石塑性变形,采用从微观到宏观的升尺度,从细微观角度分析岩石的变形机制。在塑性变形求解过程中的两步升尺度具体包括:第一步升尺度在胶结基质固体相塑性准则基础上考虑封闭孔隙引起的非均匀变形,利用修正割线法确定细观尺度下多孔基质的等效屈服函数;第二步升尺度考虑岩石内部存在的不同矿物夹杂和缝隙,再次利用修正割线法获得宏观尺度下岩石的等效塑性准则。依据前期的研究基础[20-21],获得多尺度宏观屈服函数如下:

  • Φ(Σ,f,ρ,T,η)=ΘΣd2+3f2T2-1Σm2+2(1-f)hΣm-3+2f+3fρ3+2f(1-f)2h20
    (4)
  • 其中

  • Θ= (1+2f/ρ) /T2+2/3ρ3f/2T2-1/4T2-12f-9) ρ/6T2-13f-6+1.

  • 式中,ΣΣdΣm分别表示宏观尺度下等效应力张量、等效应力偏张量和等效应力球张量; Th为多孔基质中固体相摩擦因数和静水张拉强度;η为各向异性参数,是材料层理平面和荷载平面夹角的函数。

  • 考虑岩石在塑性变形中的剪胀效应,本文在前期研究基础上[20-21]建立了塑性势能函数G,表达式如下:

  • G(Σ,f,ρ,T,t,η)=ΘΣd2+3f2Tt-1Σm2+2(1-f)hΣm-3+2f+3fρ3+2f(1-f)2h2
    (5)
  • 式中,t为考虑塑性变形过程中剪胀效应的变量,通常取非常小的值;Θ通过将公式(4)中的T2换成Tt而得到。

  • 塑性变形增量dEp计算方法采用一致性法则,计算表达式如下:

  • dEp=dλGΣ=ΦΣ:Cf,hom :E˙ΣΣ:Cf,hom :GΣ-Φf:fλ-Φρ:ρλ-ΦT:TλGΣ.
    (6)
  • 式中,E˙为宏观应变增量。

  • 1.3 升尺度理论中考虑围压和温度的影响

  • 鉴于深部储层所处的高温及高围压特殊环境,本文中在构建升尺度理论时,充分考虑了高温和高围压工况的影响。重点分析了温度对孔隙度的作用,基于以下基本假设:岩石内部不同介质间存在受热不均匀的现象,随温度变化,介质交界面处会产生温度裂缝,从而导致孔隙度增加。基于此假设,构建出一个关系式,用以描述孔隙度随热处理温度的变化情况:

  • f=finiexpC1Te-25.
    (7)
  • 式中,fini为室温(25℃)下岩石无围压条件下的孔隙度;Te为热处理温度,℃;C1为常数项,无量纲,其值可以通过测试不同热处理温度下的岩石孔隙度并进行数学拟合后获得。

  • 本文中基于基本假设,即岩石内部的孔隙与裂缝在不同围压作用下会发生不同程度的压缩形变。随着孔隙与裂缝的逐步压缩,岩石的宏观等效弹性模量将相应增大。为此,本文中建立了孔隙度随围压变化的关系式:

  • f=finiexp-C2pc.
    (8)
  • 式中,pc为施加在岩石上的围压,Pa;C2为常数项,无量纲,其值可以通过测试不同围压条件下测试岩石孔隙度,并进行数学拟合后获得的。

  • 1.4 升尺度理论中考虑损伤扩展机制

  • 本文中研究岩石在荷载作用下因内部各相弹性模量差异而产生的损伤机制。在岩石的交界面处,由于非均匀变形而引发应力集中。当交界面间的黏结力被超过,或变形差异超出一定阈值时,矿物夹杂及其包裹的胶结基质会发生脱胶,导致岩石承载荷载的能力下降或丧失。这些脱胶的矿物部分可视为随机分布在多孔基质中的封闭孔隙。随着损伤的累积,脱胶矿物的含量逐渐增加,相当于岩石的孔隙度增大,而有效矿物的含量则相应减少。基于前期研究[20-21],可得出矿物脱胶部分体积分数的计算表达式:

  • ρd=ρini1-exp-εimS0M.
    (9)
  • 式中,ρd 为矿物脱胶部分体积分数;ρini为矿物体积分数的初始值;S0M为韦伯分布函数中缩放参数和形状参数,均为无量纲标量;εim为矿物和基质间的应变差标量,εim=εi-εm:εi-εmεiεm分别表示在荷载作用下,矿物颗粒和多孔基质的等效应变张量,其增量计算表达式分别为

  • ε˙m=(1-ρ)I+ρI+Piso :Ci-Liso, pm -1-1:E˙.
    (10)
  • ε˙i=1ρE˙-(1-ρ)ε˙m
    (11)
  • 其中

  • Lisopm=J::LpmJ+1/5K::LpmKJ=13δijδklK=I-JLpm=Cpm Φpm<0 Φpm=0Φpm<0Cpm-Cpm:ΦpmσΦpmσ:CpmHeppm Φpm=0Φpm=0.Heppm=Φpmσ:Cpm:Φpmσ-Φpmf:Φpmσm1-f-tσ:ΦpmσTh+t-Tσm1-f-ΦpmTTε~pσ:Φpmσ1-fTh+t-Tσm1-f.

  • 式中,Piso为根据等效割线张量[31]Liso,pm计算的多孔基质的等效Hill张量;ε~p为多孔基质内部不考虑微观空隙部分的等效应变张量; JK为四阶投影张量;Lpm表示多孔基质部分的局部切线弹塑性模量; σ为多孔基质的等效应力张量; σm为多孔基质的等效应力球张量;Φpm为多孔基质的等效塑性屈服函数,具体表达式见文献[28]

  • 联立损伤公式(9)~(11)可知,随着损伤的累积,岩石中孔隙度上升,矿物含量下降,孔隙度和矿物含量变化量可依据下述计算公式计算:

  • ρ=ρini-ρdf=fini+ρd1-ρ+fc.
    (12)
  • 孔隙度的增加和矿物含量的降低会引起岩石宏观弹性模量的下降和岩石塑性应变的增加,从而体现在应力应变曲线上是峰值强度后应力的跌落,与实际情况相符。

  • 2 模型验证与结果分析

  • 2.1 模型参数获取

  • 为评估模型的准确性,选取新疆阿克苏地区寒武系肖尔布拉克组的露头灰岩和白云岩岩样进行深入研究。图3展示了部分用于模型验证的标准灰岩和白云岩岩心样本,试样尺寸均为直径25 mm、高度50 mm的圆柱体试样。针对这些岩心样本,开展了一系列测试:通过XRD(X射线衍射)分析,用于精确确定灰岩和白云岩中的主要矿物成分及其含量;开展微米压痕试验,用于准确获取岩石内部多孔胶结基质的弹性模量;同时,开展CT(计算机断层)扫描测试,深入剖析岩石内部的孔隙、裂隙发育特征。此外,本研究针对灰岩和白云岩岩心进行了单轴和三轴压缩试验测试,用于验证模型预测的准确性和可靠性。

  • 图3 部分灰岩及白云岩样品

  • Fig.3 Some limestone and dolomite samples

  • 表1给出了灰岩和白云岩通过XRD分析试验的测试结果。从表中数据可见,白云岩的主要矿物成分包括白云石和方解石,其中白云石的质量分数约为岩石矿物总量的95%;而灰岩则主要由方解石和白云石两种矿物组成,其中方解石的含量较为丰富,约占灰岩总质量的80%。

  • 表1 灰岩/白云岩矿物成分质量分数

  • Table1 Mass fraction of mineral components in limestone/dolomite

  • 岩石内部不仅包含主要的矿物,还存在包裹着矿物夹杂的多孔胶结基质。从表1可以看出这些主要矿物均为常见类型,其微观力学性质可查阅相关矿物手册得知。而多孔胶结基质因含有微小封闭孔隙和孔隙,需通过微米压痕试验来测定其弹性参数的大致分布,进而预测宏观弹性参数。本文中通过对灰岩和白云岩进行微米压痕试验,获得了样本表面的“荷载-压入深度”曲线(图4),并据此计算出灰岩胶结基质的弹性模量范围为15.86~16.25 GPa,平均值为16.06 GPa;白云岩基质的弹性模量范围则为68.54~78.24 GPa,平均值为73.39 GPa。

  • 岩石内部裂缝的含量和分布特征对宏观力学性质具有重要影响。为了定量描述这些裂缝特征,本文中对灰岩和白云岩进行了CT扫描试验,并进行了后期的图像处理工作(图5,图中颜色表示裂缝之间的连通性,相同颜色的裂缝是连通的,不同颜色之间的裂缝不连通)。通过这一过程,获得了白云岩和灰岩岩心的裂缝特征数据,灰岩的部分数据如表2所示。

  • 图4 压痕试验获得荷载-压入深度曲线

  • Fig.4 Load-indentation depth curve obtained by indentation test

  • 图5 灰岩和白云岩CT扫描图像

  • Fig.5 CT scan images of limestone and dolomite

  • 表2 灰岩裂缝解析数据结果

  • Table2 Analysis data results of cracks for limestone

  • 注:括号内为各范围内对应的裂缝数量;岩石孔隙度为0.11%。

  • 可以看出,表2展示的数据结果涵盖了岩石的孔隙度、内部裂缝的形状参数以及方位参数等具体数值。其中裂缝角度φ定义为裂缝平面方向与环向平面(即x-y平面)之间的夹角,而另一裂缝角度θ参数则代表裂缝平面方向与结构坐标轴x轴之间的夹角。这些角度的具体表示方式如图6所示。

  • 利用上述XRD测试试验数据、微米压痕试验数据以及裂缝识别测试数据,本文中所提出的升尺度理论可以对灰岩和白云岩的线性和非线性变形性质进行预测。模型所采用的具体参数如表3和表4所示。

  • 图6 裂缝倾斜角度表示

  • Fig.6 Representation of inclination angle of cracks in limestone and dolomite

  • 需要特别说明的是,表4所列胶结基质固相组分的等效摩擦系数T与静水张拉强度h的确定,是基于不同目标岩石的三轴压缩试验结果进行参数校准。通过分析岩石压缩曲线峰后区段的变形特征,可进一步实现对损伤演化参数S0M的定量标定。温度影响因子C1和围压影响因子C2基于多围压条件及多温度梯度的系统性三轴压缩试验标定。上述参数取值均源自前期构建的灰岩-白云岩力学特性专项数据库。初始孔隙度则是通过CT扫描试验来确定的,其具体数值取表2中孔隙度测试值的平均值。

  • 表3 三维升尺度弹性力学参数定量预测参数

  • Table3 Parameters for quantitative prediction of three-dimensional upscaling elastic mechanics parameters

  • 注:Esvs表示包裹矿物夹杂的基质部分的弹性模量和泊松比;Eiviρi表示矿物夹杂的弹性模量、泊松比和体积分数;φdϵ表示裂缝的倾斜角度、裂缝密度和裂缝扁率。

  • 表4 模型参数

  • Table4 Model parameters

  • 2.2 模型验证

  • 首先,利用MATLAB软件的App Designer模块对上述模型进行程序编写与模拟运算。借助App Designer功能,构建了一个应用程序,该程序能够基于输入的微观测试基础数据,高效预测岩石的宏观弹性参数及其应力-应变曲线。

  • 其次,为了验证模型的预测结果,对灰岩和白云岩的岩心样本进行了单轴和三轴压缩试验,获取了这两种岩石的弹性模量,以及在不同围压、温度条件下的三轴压缩试验数据。

  • 表5展示了灰岩和白云岩单轴压缩情况下弹性模量的模型预测值与试验测试值的对比。从表5可以明确地看出,升尺度模型预测结果与实际试验数据之间的误差均维持在10%以下的水平,具有较高的预测精度。

  • 表5 弹性模量预测值与试验测试值对比

  • Table5 Comparison between predicted values and tested values of elastic modulus

  • 图7和图8展示了灰岩和白云岩在不同温度和围压条件下的三轴压缩试验结果与模型预测结果的对比情况。为更具体地说明这一对比,表6和表7分别列出了图7和图8中所示的试验结果与模型预测结果中关于弹性模量和峰值强度的详细数值。

  • 图7显示,灰岩在不同温度、不同围压下的模型预测结果与试验数据相对较为接近。同时,表6中的模型预测值与试验值的误差分析也表明,两者具有很高的一致性。

  • 图8则显示了白云岩在不同温度和不同围压条件下的三轴压缩试验数据和模型预测结果对比情况。相应地,表7列举出了该对比图形中试验数据与模型预测结果中关于弹性模量和峰值强度的具体对比数值。

  • 图7 灰岩不同温度、不同围压下的三轴压缩试验数据和模型预测结果对比

  • Fig.7 Comparison between the triaxial compression test data of limestone under different temperatures and confining pressures and model prediction results

  • 图8 白云岩不同温度、不同围压下的三轴压缩试验数据和模型预测结果对比

  • Fig.8 Comparison between triaxial compression test data and model prediction results of dolomite under different temperatures and confining pressures

  • 表6 灰岩不同温度、不同围压下试验数据与模型预测数据

  • Table6 Experimental data and model prediction data of limestone under different temperatures and confining pressures

  • 表7 白云岩不同温度、不同围压下试验数据与模型预测数据

  • Table7 Experimental data and model prediction data of dolomite under different temperatures and confining pressures

  • 2.3 模型预测准确性讨论

  • 从图7和图8、数据对比表6和表7中可以看出,白云岩的模型预测值与试验测试值之间的误差相较于灰岩明显增大。出现这种现象的原因主要在于相较于基质型灰岩来说,白云岩裂缝更为发育(图5),在利用CT扫描技术识别和描述白云岩裂缝时,可能会由于阈值选取的不同[32],对裂缝识别带来较大的误差,导致后续对裂缝表征带来一定的误差。因此,相较于裂缝发育的白云岩来说,基质型灰岩预测结果更为准确。

  • 此外,从整体预测效果来看,部分工况预测准确性较低,如图7(c)、(h)、(f)以及图8(b)。出现这种现象的原因如下:①岩石本身非均质较强,即使在相同工况下试验测试出的力学特性可能也会有较大的区别,如8(b)。这就导致用同一套模型参数预测出的应力-应变曲线无法较好地拟合。②为了保证模型的普适性,在对同一种类岩石进行力学参数预测时用的均为同一套模型参数,只有温度和围压等外部环境不同。因此,部分工况预测准确性较低。

  • 2.4 模型展望

  • 本文中建立的岩石力学参数预测模型属于普适性模型,理论上可以应用到其他岩石力学参数的预测,但模型参数需要基于室内试验进行确定。本文中目前仅对典型超深储层白云岩及灰岩两种储层进行了模型验证,未来将选取更多的岩石类型(砂岩、砂砾岩、页岩等),进一步验证模型的有效性和可靠性。其次,目前白云岩和灰岩两种岩石模型参数的确定仅从5个试样上获取,缺乏代表性,因此部分试样预测准确性也较低。后续将增加岩石数量来确定更为合适的模型参数,以此提高模型预测准确性。最终,本研究的目的是在无井下岩芯情况下,通过随钻岩屑或井壁掉块来反演井壁或储层岩石力学参数。对于本模型需要的岩石矿物组成及矿物力学参数、孔隙度等参数均可以通过随钻岩屑或井壁掉块来获取。但对于储层岩石裂缝分布参数来说,需要借助其他手段获取,如成像测井、核磁共振测井、地震勘探技术等。

  • 3 结论

  • (1)建立了考虑岩石组成物质的微观尺度特性(矿物含量、矿物弹性参数,孔隙度,裂缝形状、密度、方位)及损伤演化的三维升尺度岩石力学特性预测模型,包括宏观弹性模量预测模型、塑性变形预测模型、损伤演化模型,为深地工程岩石力学参数预测提供了理论支撑。

  • (2)在升尺度模型中,创新地建立了孔隙度与温度和围压之间的函数关系,使得模型能够充分考虑温度和围压对岩石宏观力学行为的影响,提高了模型对深地工程高温、高应力环境的适应性和预测精度。

  • (3)针对深地工程中典型岩性灰岩和白云岩,进行的单轴和三轴压缩试验结果与模型预测结果对比显示:灰岩弹性模量预测平均误差为3.35%,白云岩弹性模量预测平均误差为9.30%;灰岩强度预测平均误差为7.57%,白云岩强度预测平均误差为6.63%。进一步验证了模型的有效性和可靠性。

  • 参考文献

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  • 参考文献

    • [1] 王珂,戴俊生,冯建伟,等.塔里木盆地克深前陆冲断带储层岩石力学参数研究[J].开云电竞投注学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):25-33.WANG Ke,DAI Junsheng,FENG Jianwei,et al.Research on reservoir rock mechanical parameters of Keshen foreland thrust belt in Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(5):25-33.

    • [2] LI J,XIE M,WANG S,et al.Study on the influence of thermo-pressure coupling environment on the fracture properties of shale in deep reservoirs[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2024,131:104440.

    • [3] 高经纬,蒋迪,范立峰.高温岩石细观裂纹演化机制研究进展[J].应用力学学报,2025,42(2):264-285.GAO Jingwei,JIANG Di,FAN Lifeng.Research progress on the microcrack evolution mechanism of high-temperature rock[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2025,42(2):264-285.

    • [4] 何满潮.深部建井力学研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2021,46(3):726-746.HE Manchao.Research progress of deep shaft construction mechanics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2021,46(3):726-746.

    • [5] 鞠玮,张辉,徐珂,等.地质力学层定量划分方法及其超深层油气勘探开发应用[J].石油实验地质,2024,46(4):880-888.JU Wei,ZHANG Hui,XU Ke,et al.Quantitative division method of geomechanical strata and its applications in exploration and development of oil and gas in ultra-deep layers[J].Petroleum Geology and Experiment,2024,46(4):880-888.

    • [6] WANG H,HUANG H,BI W,et al.Deep and ultra-deep oil and gas well drilling technologies:progress and prospect[J].Natural Gas Industry B,2022,9(2):141-157.

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    • [8] LI L,HUANG B,TAN Y,et al.Using micro-indentation to determine the elastic modulus of shale laminae and its implication:cross-scale correlation of elastic modulus of mineral and rock[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2022,143:105740.

    • [9] 何风贞,李桂臣,阚甲广,等.岩石多尺度损伤研究进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2024,52(10):33-53.HE Fengzhen,LI Guichen,KAN Jiaguang,et al.Research progress on multi-scale damage of rock[J].Coal Science and Technology,2024,2(10):33-53.

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    • [18] SHEN W Q,SHAO J F,KONDO D.Macroscopic criteria for green type porous materials with spheroidal voids:application to double porous materials[J].International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics,2017,41(13):1453-1473.

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    • [20] 夏开文,王峥,吴帮标,等.流固耦合作用下深部岩石动态力学响应研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2024,49(1):454-478.XIA Kaiwen,WANG Zheng,WU Bangbiao,et al.Research progress on dynamic response of deep rocks under coupled hydraulic-mechanical loading[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2024,49(1):454-478.

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    • [26] 蔡振忠,张辉,徐珂,等.超深层断控碳酸盐岩油藏地质力学建模及其在开发中的应用[J].石油实验地质,2024,46(4):868-879.CAI Zhenzhong,ZHANG Hui,XU Ke,et al.Geomechanics modeling of ultra-deep fault-controlled carbonate reservoirs and its application in development[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2024,46(4):868-879.

    • [27] ZHAO J J,SHEN W Q,SHAO J F,et al.A constitutive model for anisotropic clay-rich rocks considering micro-structural composition[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2022,151:105029.

    • [28] 赵建建,王倩,杨福见,等.基于岩屑升尺度理论的岩石强度预测方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2025,44(6):1527-1538.ZHAO Jianjian,WANG Qian,YANG Fujian,et al.Research on rock strength prediction method based on rock fragment upscaling theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2025,44(6):1527-1538.

    • [29] MORI T,TANAKA K.Average stress in matrix and average elastic energy of materials with misfitting inclusions[J].Acta Metallurgica,1973,21(5):571-574.

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