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作者简介:

夏晞冉(1985-),女,博士研究生,研究方向为提高采收率技术。E-mail: 2674343766@qq.com。

通讯作者:

崔传智(1970-),男,教授,博士,研究方向为油气渗流理论与开发技术。E-mail: ccz2008@126.com。

中图分类号:TE357

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1673-5005(2026)02-0144-10

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5005.2026.02.015

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目录contents

    摘要

    利用具有水相增黏性能的山嵛酸酰胺丙基氧化胺EAPO和微弱动力下乳化稠油的十六十八烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱HSB、十六烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱HSY在高盐矿化水中制备油水两相黏度调节剂,并研究体系的水相增黏性能、乳化效果和驱油效果。结果表明:0.3% EAPO/HSB和0.3% EAPO/HSY混合体系中HSB或HSY质量分数在0.03%~0.1%时可以保证体系的黏度高于15 mPa·s,并在转速100 r/min以下就能有效乳化稠油,其中0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB、0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSY混合体系能使乳化后稠油黏度降低至6.32和15.76 mPa·s,降黏率分别为95.58%和88.98%。由于兼具水相增黏和油相乳化降黏双重作用,注入0.6VP的0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系对稠油可以提高采收率17%。

    Abstract

    Viscosity modifiers for oil-water two-phase systems were prepared in high-salinity formation water using erucic acid amidopropylamine oxide (EAPO) with aqueous-phase thickening properties, hexadecyl-octadecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (HSB) and hexadecyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine (HSY) with weak power to emulsify heavy oil. The aqueous-phase thickening performance, emulsification effect, and oil displacement efficiency of the system were investigated. The results show that the viscosity of 0.3% EAPO/HSB and 0.3% EAPO/HSY mixed system can be higher than 15 mPa·s when the mass fraction of HSB or HSY is 0.03%-0.1%, and the heavy oil can be effectively emulsified at rotational speeds below 100 r/min. In particular, the mixed systems of 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB and 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSY reduce the viscosity of emulsified heavy oil to 6.32 mPa·s and 15.76 mPa·s, with viscosity reduction rates of 95.58% and 88.98%, respectively. Owing to the dual functions of aqueous-phase thickening and oil-phase emulsification viscosity reduction, the injection of 0.6VP of the 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB mixed system enhances heavy oil recovery by 17%.

  • 中国稠油的探明储量约14×108 t,占总石油储量的约30%[1-4]。但由于稠油黏度高,导致水油流度比大、注水波及系数小,严重影响开采效率[5-11]。因此,降低稠油黏度、改善油水两相流度比是稠油油藏提高采收率技术的关键。乳化降黏法是利用乳化降黏剂将稠油乳化形成水包油(O/W)乳液,或将稠油中的油包水(W/O)结构转化为水包油包水(W/O/W)结构,从而降低稠油黏度,改善油水流度比[12-16]。乳化降黏剂最基本的性质就是具有对稠油乳化降黏的能力,为了增强降黏效果,科研人员开发了多种乳化降黏剂[17-23]。刘书杰等[21]研究改性烷基糖苷非离子表面活性剂在海上稠油中的乳化降黏效果,结果显示当乳化剂质量分数为0.3%时,油水界面张力可降至10-3 mN·m-1,降黏率达92.1%。李孟州等[22]以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、生物表面活性剂和渗透剂JFC制备了超稠油乳化降黏剂SHVR-02,SHVR-02的降黏率可达99%。孙江河等[23]合成了含苯环结构的聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯和含长链烷基的脂肪族聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯,这两类单体与其他单体共聚后能够获得具有表面活性的两亲性高分子降黏剂。其中十三烷氧基类共聚物13PAAC15可降低油水界面张力至10.7mN/m,与稠油的接触角为36.75°,稠油降黏率高达90.8%。尽管乳化降黏剂的研究在国内外都取得了很大的进展,但由于水相的黏度低,水驱“指进现象”仍然明显,严重影响了稠油油藏的提高采收率效果[24-25]。水油流度比的大小不仅和油相黏度有关,也与水相黏度有关。增大水相黏度也能够改善水驱过程中的不利流度比,从而缓减指进现象,提升波及系数[26-29]。笔者利用两性表面活性剂的复配,构建具有水相增黏和油相乳化降黏双重作用的油水两相黏度调节剂,并对体系的驱油性能进行评价,以期通过同时调节油水两相黏度降低水油流度比,提高稠油采收率。

  • 1 试验

  • 1.1 试验材料

  • 十六烷基磺基甜菜碱(HDPS),南京旋光科技有限公司;十六烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(HSY)、十六十八烷基羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(HSB),山东优索化工科技有限公司;芥酸酰胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱(ESB40)、油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱(OAB40)、芥酸胺丙基甜菜碱(EAB40)、亚油酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱(SAB40)、山嵛酸酰胺丙基氧化胺(EAPO)、十八酸酰胺丙基氧化胺(OCO25),上海银聪新材料科技有限公司。试验所用化学试剂包括氯化钠(NaCl)、氯化钙(CaCl2)、氯化钾(KCl)、六水合氯化镁(MgCl2·6H2O)及无水乙醇,其纯度均达到分析纯标准,购自于国药集团化学试剂有限公司。稠油样品为胜利油田技术检测中心提供,60℃下其黏度为143 mPa·s;模拟地层水根据实际油田产出水的离子组成进行配制,其总溶解固体(TDS)质量浓度为12894 mg·L-1,其中Cl-为6447 mg·L-1、K+为255 mg·L-1、Ca2+为745 mg·L-1、Mg2+为412 mg·L-1、Na+为5035 mg·L-1。试验所用岩心为人造岩心,渗透率约为150×10-3 μm2。所有试验均在60℃进行。

  • 1.2 试验方法

  • 1.2.1 水相黏度测试

  • 采用德国Anton Paar 公司的MCR-302流变仪在7.34 s-1测量样品的黏度。

  • 1.2.2 乳化效果测试

  • 乳化效果测试分为2种方法。第1种是旋转试管微动力乳化法[30]。在具塞试管中配制不同质量分数的表面活性剂溶液,按油水体积比1∶9加入原油,60℃ 恒温5 min后,旋转试管180°并重复5次,随后60℃静置观察稠油乳化效果。第2种是搅拌乳化法。在烧杯中按照油水体积比1∶9或2∶8加入原油,60℃恒温5 min后,采用德国IKA公司的EUROSTAR搅拌机以设定转速搅拌5 min,随后迅速转移至试管中,在60℃静置观察稠油乳化效果。

  • 1.2.3 乳化降黏效果测试

  • 利用MCR-302流变仪,根据Q/SY 118-2013《水包油型稠油降黏剂技术规范》,在60℃和剪切速率7.34 s-1的条件下,分别测定稠油和乳化后油水乳状液的黏度,计算稠油的乳化降黏率:

  • f=μ0-μμ0.
    (1)
  • 式中,f为乳化降黏率;μ0为稠油初始黏度,mPa·s;μ为乳状液的黏度,mPa·s。

  • 1.2.4 岩心驱油试验

  • 采用驱替装置进行岩心驱油试验。首先向岩心注入饱和地层水,根据注入前后岩心的质量变化计算孔隙度;测定岩心渗透率后向岩心注入饱和油,通过排出水体积计算初始含油饱和度。试验过程中以0.2 mL/min的注入速度进行初始水驱,水驱至采出液含水率达98%时,转注0.6VPVP为孔隙体积)两相黏度调节剂,然后进行后续水驱,直至含水率再次达到98%时,终止试验。驱替过程中记录注入压力变化,试验温度为60℃。

  • 1.2.5 微观驱替试验

  • 利用光化学蚀刻玻璃板制备多孔喉网的二维玻璃刻蚀模型进行微观驱替试验,刻蚀模型的高渗透区平均孔径为150~300 μm,低渗区的平均孔径为50~150 μm。将模型抽空后饱和油,在注入速度为0.05 mL/min下注入地层水驱替至采出端不再产油后停止,再注入化学剂溶液,分析孔喉内驱油动态特征。

  • 2 结果分析

  • 2.1 两相黏度调节剂的制备

  • 在质量分数为0.3%时,测定不同分子结构的两性表面活性剂在7.34 s-1下的水相增黏性能,试验结果如图1所示。可以看出,HSY、HSB、HDPS、SAB40和OAB40两性表面活性剂溶液基本没有增黏效果,而ESB40、EAB40、EAPO和OCO25溶液黏度均超过9 mPa·s,其中EAPO的增黏效果最好,0.3% EAPO溶液的黏度可以达到40.8 mPa·s。两性表面活性剂可以在较低质量分数下形成蠕虫状胶束,这些柔性胶束相互缠绕进一步形成三维网状结构,从而显著提升溶液黏度[31-35]。两性表面活性剂形成蠕虫状胶束的能力受到分子中疏水尾链长度和亲水头基的影响,疏水尾链越长、亲水头基越小越易于形成蠕虫状胶束。在测试的9个表面活性剂中,HSY、HSB、HDPS、ESB40、EAB40、SAB40和OAB40属于不同碳链长度的甜菜碱型表面活性剂,因而疏水尾链碳数为22的芥酸酰胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱ESB40、芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱EAB40更易于形成蠕虫状胶束,增黏能力更强[34]。山嵛酸酰胺丙基氧化胺EAPO、十八酸酰胺丙基氧化胺OCO25头基是由氧原子和氮原子配位构成,较小的头基空间位阻更有利于形成蠕虫胶束[35],这使得疏水尾链碳数为18的氧化胺型两性表面活性剂OCO25的增黏能力也要高于疏水尾链碳数为22的芥酸酰胺羟丙基磺基甜菜碱ESB40、芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱EAB40。因此,疏水尾链碳数为22的氧化胺型两性表面活性剂EAPO表现出最佳的水相增黏性能。

  • 图1 剪切速率7.34 s-1时0.3%两性表面活性剂溶液的黏度

  • Fig.1 Viscosity of 0.3% zwitterionic surfactant solution at shear rate of 7.34 s-1

  • 旋转试管法对0.3%两性表面活性剂溶液对稠油的乳化效果评价结果[36]表明,EAB40、EAPO和OCO25仅能撕裂稠油不能形成乳状液,ESB40、SAB40和OAB40可以乳化稠油,但是乳化效果较差,0.5 h内形成的乳状液就几乎完全分相。HSY、HSB和HDPS两性表面活性剂能够在旋转试管过程中与稠油形成稳定的乳状液,0.5 h内未见油水分层,且静置24 h后仍保持良好的乳化状态,显示出优异的稠油乳化能力。

  • 两性表面活性剂ESB40、EAB40、EAPO和OCO25表面活性剂能够提高水相黏度,HSY、HSB和HDPS能够乳化稠油,但单一两性表面活性剂不能够同时调节油水两相黏度。因此将水相增黏性能最佳的EAPO与具有优异乳化能力的HSB、HSY、HDPS混合,分析两性表面活性剂混合体系的水相增黏和乳化效果。

  • 图2为7.34 s-1下0.3% EAPO分别与0.1% HSY、HSB和HPDS(质量分数,下同)混合溶液的黏度。可以看出,EAPO/HPDS混合溶液的黏度仅为1.94 mPa·s,而EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合溶液的黏度均高于15 mPa·s,仍显示出较好的增黏效果。图3进一步考察了在油水体积比为1∶9时EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合溶液对稠油的乳化效果。从图3(a)和(b)看出,这两个体系在旋转试管过程中难以有效乳化稠油。然而当搅拌速度为100 r/min时,EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合溶液均能够乳化稠油,且形成的乳状液能稳定0.5 h以上(图3(c)和(d))。

  • 综合看出,由EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY制备的两性表面活性剂混合体系能够在维持体系水相增黏的同时仅需100 r/min的搅拌速度即可实现稠油的有效乳化。因此EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系可以作为油水两相黏度调节剂。

  • 图2 剪切速率为7.34 s-1时EAPO混合溶液的黏度

  • Fig.2 Viscosity of EAPO mixed surfactant solution at a shear rate of 7.34 s-1

  • 图3 旋转试管法和搅拌法评价混合溶液对稠油的乳化效果

  • Fig.3 Emulsifying effect of mixed solutions by rotating tube method and stirring method

  • 2.2 两相黏度调节剂组成对性能的影响

  • 2.2.1 组成对水相增黏效果

  • EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系中EAPO、HSB或HSY的浓度均会影响体系的增黏效果。首先测试EAPO溶液的黏度随剪切速率和质量分数的变化,结果见图4。从图4(a)看出,EAPO溶液在低浓度时呈现典型的牛顿流体特性,黏度基本不受剪切速率变化。当质量分数超过0.3%,静态流变曲线出现了明显的剪切变稀行为,表现出明显的黏弹性流体特征,这表明体系中形成了蠕虫状胶束。而且随着质量分数的增加,蠕虫状胶束增长利于相互缠结形成空间网络结构,这增强了溶液的黏弹性[37-39]。图4(b)表明7.34 s-1剪切速率下EAPO的黏度随质量分数增加而提升,质量分数为0.3% EAPO溶液黏度已经超过40 mPa·s。

  • 图5为HSB或HSY的质量分数对混合体系黏度的影响。从图5(a)看出,不同质量分数HSB/0.3% EAPO混合体系的静态流变曲线仍表现出剪切变稀行为,说明溶液仍存在大量相互缠绕的蠕虫状胶束。从图5(b)看出,在7.34 s-1剪切速率下0.3% EAPO/HSB、0.3% EAPO/HSY混合溶液的黏度均随着HSB或HSY质量分数的增加而降低。当HSB、HSY质量分数为0.07%时,0.3% EAPO/HSB、0.3% EAPO/HSY混合溶液的黏度分别为23.8和21.2 mPa·s,继续增加质量分数至0.10%,2个体系黏度分别为17.6和15.6 mPa·s,但当HSB、HSY质量分数增加至0.12%时,2个体系黏度就均低于15 mPa·s,黏度保留率将低于40%。因此从组成对黏度的影响看出,EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系中EAPO质量分数应不低于0.3%,且HSB或HSY与EAPO质量分数比不高于1∶3,以保证体系有较高的黏度。

  • 图4 EAPO溶液的黏度随剪切速率和质量分数的变化

  • Fig.4 Viscosity of EAPO solution varying with shear rate and mass fraction

  • 图5 HSB或HSY溶液的黏度随剪切速率和质量分数的变化

  • Fig.5 Viscosity of EAPO or HSY solution varies with shear rate and mass fraction

  • 2.2.2 组成对乳化降黏效果的影响

  • EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系的组成也会影响到体系的乳化效果,直接的表现就是形成较稳定乳状液所需要的搅拌速率。0.3% EAPO在不同机械搅拌速率下对稠油乳化效果如图6所示。可以看出,当转速为260 r/min时体系可形成稳定超过1 h的乳状液,而当转速下降至240 r/min时乳状液的稳定性显著降低,在0.5 h内就完全分相。因此,只有当搅拌速率不低于 260 r/min后EAPO单剂才能够乳化稠油。图7为转速100 r/min下EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系对稠油的乳化效果。结果表明,当HSB或HSY质量分数大于0.02%时,体系均可以形成稳定时间超过1 h的乳状液。进一步降低转速至80 r/min(图8,以EAPO/HSB体系为例),当HSB质量分数为0.03%和0.05%时乳液在搅拌后就会迅速破乳(图8(a)和(b)),只有HSB质量分数达到0.07%时乳状液才能稳定2 h以上,并且在24 h内仍有乳状液存在(图8(c))。因此从组成对乳化效果的影响看出,对于0.3% EAPO/HSB和0.3% EAPO/HSY混合体系中HSB或HSY的质量分数应高于0.03%以保证体系能够在转速100 r/min以下就能有效乳化稠油。

  • 图6 搅拌法评价0.3% EAPO体系对稠油的乳化效果

  • Fig.6 Emulsifying effect of 0.3% EAPO solution by stirring method

  • 图7 搅拌乳化法评价0.3% EAPO/HSB、0.3% EAPO/HSY混合体系对稠油的乳化效果

  • Fig.7 Emulsifying effect of 0.3% EAPO/HSB, 0.3% EAPO/HSY mixed solutions at different HSB or HSY concentrations by stirring method

  • 图8 80 r/min下搅拌法评价0.3% EAPO/HSB混合体系对稠油的乳化效果

  • Fig.8 Emulsification effect of 0.3% EAPO/HSB mixed system on heavy oil by stirring at 80 r/min

  • 综合水相增黏和乳化效果结果看出,0.3% EAPO/HSB和0.3% EAPO/HSY混合体系中HSB或HSY的质量分数在0.03%~0.1%才能具有较好的水相增黏和油相乳化效果。因此选择0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB和0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSY混合体系作为两相黏度调节剂的配方,测试体系对稠油的乳化降黏效果,结果见图9。从组成对两相黏度调节剂黏度的影响角度看,EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系中EAPO质量分数应不低于0.3%,同时HSB或HSY的质量分数与EAPO质量分数比不高于1∶3,以保证体系有较高的黏度。从图9看出,0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB、0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSY混合体系能使乳化后稠油黏度分别降低至6.32和15.76 mPa·s,降黏率分别为95.58%和88.98%。相比较而言,0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系的水相增黏效果和乳化降黏效果更优。

  • 图9 0.3% EAPO与0.07% HSB、HSY混合体系对稠油的乳化降黏率

  • Fig.9 Emulsification viscosity reduction rate of heavy oil by 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB and 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSYmixed system

  • 2.3 两相黏度调节剂的驱油效果

  • 通过岩心驱油试验比较了0.2% EAPO、0.3% EAPO、0.1% HSB和0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系的驱油效果,驱替曲线见图10。可以看出,注入0.6VP的0.2%和0.3% EAPO溶液时采收率分别提高1.53%和2.5%,后续水驱提高采收率增幅分别为4.4%和5.3%,因此0.2% 和0.3% EAPO溶液的总采收率分别提高了为5.9%和7.8%。注入0.6VP的0.1% HSB时采收率提高2.9%,后续水驱采收率增幅达8.1%,总采收率提高了11.0%。当注入0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系时采收率提升3.0%,后续水驱的采收率增幅高达14.0%,总采收率提高了17.0%。这是由于EAPO溶液虽具有增黏作用,但不能充分乳化稠油,因此在不利的流度比下驱油效果有限。HSB具有良好的稠油乳化能力,在后续水驱中可有效乳化原油提高采收率,但其水溶液无黏度,调节流度的能力仍有限。而EAPO/HSB混合体系具有水相增黏和油相乳化降黏的双重作用,通过同时调节油水两相黏度大大降低水油流度比,因此EAPO/HSB混合体系对稠油具有显著的提高采收率效果。

  • 通过微观可视化模型研究了0.3% EAPO和0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系的微观驱油效果,结果见图11和12。从图11看出,0.3% EAPO在部分易接触的残余油区域可以微弱乳化分散稠油,但在孔喉中的残余油仍主要以油柱和条状形态沿水驱优势通道被推进,这表明EAPO依靠溶液的高黏度扩大波及以及对原油产生推拉作用提高采收率。从图12看出,0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系兼具水相高黏度和油相乳化降黏的能力,对于水驱无法波及到的残余油区域,可以依靠本身的高黏度提高波及系数,进而与原油充分接触起到乳化作用。因此0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系不仅能有效驱替水驱未波及区域的残余油,还能将其持续乳化为细小液滴进而发生运移流动,从而显著提升采收率。

  • 图10 混合体系的驱替曲线

  • Fig.10 Displacement curve of mixed system

  • 图11 0.3% EAPO溶液的微观驱油效果

  • Fig.11 Micro-displacement effect of 0.3% EAPO solution

  • 图12 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合溶液的微观驱油效果

  • Fig.12 Micro-displacement effect of 0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB mixed solution

  • 3 结论

  • (1)疏水尾链碳数为22的氧化胺型两性表面活性剂EAPO能够在盐水中形成蠕虫状胶束具有最佳的水相增黏性能,磺基甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂HSY、HSB能够在微弱动力下乳化稠油,EAPO与HSB、HSY混合可以构建具有水相增黏和油相乳化降黏双重作用的油水两相黏度调节剂。

  • (2)EAPO/HSB和EAPO/HSY混合体系的组成影响体系的水相增黏和乳化效果。0.3% EAPO/HSB和0.3% EAPO/HSY混合体系中且HSB或HSY浓度应不高于0.1%以保证体系有较高的黏度,但应高于0.03%以保证体系能够在转速100 r/min以下就能有效乳化稠油。

  • (3)0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系的水相黏度为23.8 mPa·s,乳化后稠油黏度降低至6.32 mPa·s,降黏率达到95.58%。由于具有水相增黏和油相乳化降黏的双重作用,通过同时调节油水两相黏度大大降低水油流度比,因此0.3% EAPO/0.07% HSB混合体系对稠油表现出显著地提高采收率效果。

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    • [12] ABDELFATAH E,WAHID-PEDRO F,MELNIC A,et al.Microemulsion formulations with tunable displacement mechanisms for heavy oil reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,2020,25(5):2663-2677.

    • [13] 裴海华,赵建伟,张贵才,等.纳米膨润土和非离子表面活性剂协同稳定乳化溶剂提高稠油采收率[J].开云电竞投注学报(自然科学版),2024,48(6):149-157.PEI Haihua,ZHAO Jianwei,ZHANG Guicai,et al.Enhanced heavy oil recovery using nano-bentonite and nonionic surfactant synergistically stabilized emulsion solvents[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2024,48(6):149-157.

    • [14] KILPATRICK P K.Water-in-crude oil emulsion stabilization:review and unanswered questions[J].Energy & Fuels,2012,26(7):4017-4026.

    • [15] 刘浪.稠油自乳化降黏体系的研制及性能评价[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2018.LIU Lang.Development and performance evaluation of self-emulsifying viscosity-reduction system for heavy Oil[D].Daqing:Northeast Petroleum University,2018.

    • [16] LIU Jianbin,LIU Shun,ZHANG Wei,et al.Influence of emulsification characteristics on the pressure dynamics during chemical flooding for oil recovery[J].Energy & Fuels,2023,37(6):4308-4319.

    • [17] 张蕊,张刚,王桂芹,等.用于超稠油乳化降黏的两亲型聚合物[J].油田化学,2023,49(3):496-502.ZHANG Rui,ZHANG Gang,WANG Guiqin,et al.Amphiphilic polymer for emulsification and viscosity reduction of iltra-heavy oil[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2023,49(3):496-502.

    • [18] WANG Yanping,LI Mingxuan,HOU Jian,et al.Design,synthesis and properties evaluation of emulsified viscosity reducers with temperature tolerance and salt resistance for heavy oil[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2022,356:118977.

    • [19] LIU Jianbin,ZHONG Liguo,YU Zewen,et al.High-efficiency emulsification anionic surfactant for enhancing heavy oil recovery[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2022,642:128654.

    • [20] 穆健,郑延成,孙志飞,等.芳基脂肪酸金属盐体系的稠油催化降黏性能[J].石油与天然气化工,2025,54(2):85-91.MU Jian,ZHENG Yancheng,SUN Zhifei,et al.Catalytic viscosity reduction performance of aryl-fatty acid metal salt system for heavy oil[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas,2025,54(2):85-91.

    • [21] 刘书杰,安志杰,于继飞,等.海上稠油乳化降黏剂的研究及评价[J].断块油气田,2015,22(6):829-832.LIU Shujie,AN Zhijie,YU Jifei,et al.Research and evaluation of emulsification viscosity reducer for offshore heavy oil[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field,2015,22(6):829-832.

    • [22] 李孟洲,龚大利,尉小明.超稠油乳化降黏剂SHVR-02的研制[J].油田化学,2004,21(1):26-28.LI Mengzhou,GONG Dali,WEI Xiaoming.Development of SHVR-02 emulsification viscosity reducer for ultra-heavy oil[J].Oilfield Chemistry,2004,21(1):26-28.

    • [23] 孙江河.稠油开采用高分子降黏剂的合成及其性能评价[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2020.SUN Jianghe.Synthesis and performance evaluation of polymer viscosity reducers for heavy oil recovery[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2020.

    • [24] BUCHGRABER M,CLEMENS T,CASTANIER L M,et al.A microvisual study of the displacement of viscous oil by polymer solutions[J].SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering,2011,14(3):269-280.

    • [25] YADALI JAMALOEI B,BABOLMORAD R,KHARRAT R.Correlations of viscous fingering in heavy oil waterflooding[J].Fuel,2016,179:97-102.

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    • [27] 杨永钊,张雪莹,周昱君,等.低渗高盐油藏段塞表面活性剂组合调驱研究[J].石油与天然气化工,2025,54(2):107-112.YANG Yongzhao,ZHANG Xueying,ZHOU Yujun,et al.Research on the combination of slug surfactants for profile control and flooding in low-permeability and high-salt reservoirs[J].Chemical Enginee of Oil & Gas,2025,54(2):107-112.

    • [28] JIANG Yang.Viscoelastic wormlike micelles and their applications[J].Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 2002,7(5/6):276-281.

    • [29] 付浩伟,修建龙,黄立信,等.生物聚合物硬葡聚糖及油田应用研究进展[J].石油与天然气化工,2025,54(3):86-93.FU Haowei,XIU Jianlong,HUANG Lixin,et al.Research progress on the biopolymer scleroglucan and itsoilfield applications[J].Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas,2025,54(3):86-93.

    • [30] 刘钊.两相黏度调节剂的研制与性能研究[D].青岛:开云电竞投注(华东),2022.LIU Zhao.Research on preparation and properties of two-phase viscosity regulator[D].Qingdao:China University of Petroleum(East China),2022.

    • [31] EZRAHI S,TUVAL E,ASERIN A.Properties,main applications and perspectives of worm micelles[J].Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2006,128-130.

    • [32] ZHONG Xun,SONG Jingjin,YANG Yuxuan,et al.Molecular insight into the enhanced oil recovery potential of a seawater-based zwitterionic/anionic surfactant compound for heavy oil reservoirs[J].Journal of Molecular Liquids,2024,408:125315.

    • [33] MA Hao,RANIMOL S,CAMERON A.Synergetic system of zwitterionic/anionic surfactants with ultralow interfacial tension and high salt resistance for enhancing heavy oil recovery[J].Energy & Fuels,2022,36(15):8216-8223.

    • [34] BAI Yu,LIU Shangqi,LIANG Guangyue,et al Wormlike micelles properties and oil displacement efficiency of a salt-tolerant C22-tailed amidosulfobetaine surfactant[J].Energy Exploration & Exploitation,2021,39(4):1057-1075.

    • [35] 张萌,齐丽云,龙宇,等.一种氧化胺表面活性剂pH响应蠕虫状胶束流变行为研究[J].日用化学工业,2017,47(6):301-306.ZHANG Meng,QI Liyun,LONG Yu,et al.Rheological behavior of pH-responsive wormlike micelles formed by an amine oxide surfactant[J].China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics,2017,47(6):301-306.

    • [36] 史树彬,胡秋平,刘钊,等.黏性微动力乳化聚合物/表面活性剂体系的制备和驱油效果研究[J].石油钻探技术,2026,54(1):146-156.SHI Shubin,HU Qiuping,LIU Zhao,et al.Preparation and oil displacement performance of viscous and microdynamic emulsifying polymer/surfactant system[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2026,54(1):146-156.

    • [37] CAO Xiaoqin,GUO Weiluo,ZHU Qi et al.Supramolecular self-assembly of robust,ultra-stable,and high-temperature-resistant viscoelastic worm-like micelles[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2023,649:403-415.

    • [38] FAN Haiming,ZHENG Tong,CHEN Hailin,et al.Viscoelastic surfactants with high salt tolerance,fast-dissolving property,and ultralow interfacial tension for chemical flooding in offshore oilfields[J].Journal of Surfactants and Detergents,2018,21:475-488.

    • [39] 韩玉贵,王业飞,王秋霞,等.芥酸型两性表面活性剂复配构筑高效耐盐黏弹性驱油体系[J].开云电竞投注学报(自然科学版),2019,43(6):165-170.HAN Yugui,WANG Yefei,WANG Qiuxia,et al.Construction of high-efficiency salt-tolerant viscoelastic flooding system through erucic acid-based amphoteric surfactant formulation[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2019,43(6):165-170.

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